2019年11月21日，哥伦比亚发生了瘫痪整个国家的历史性总罢工。据估计，在哥伦比亚五千多万人口中，有一半参与了此次罢工，其中上千万人没有上班而待在家中，上百万人走上街头示威游行。从首都波哥大(Bogota)到偏远农村，至少发生了五百起示威行动。
罢工者封锁了主要街道、港口和机场入口。工人中央工会(Central Union of Workers，CUT)指责政府在波哥大实行“残酷镇压”，警察向和平示威者发射催泪瓦斯。在哥伦比亚其他地区，示威者与警察之间也爆发了冲突。卡利(Cali。译者注：哥伦比亚第三大城市)市长宣布晚上7点开始宵禁。
工人中央工会号召举行罢工，以抗议美国支持的右翼政府强行实施的劳动和养老金方面的“改革”计划——减少退休金、降低最低工资。虽然伊万·杜克·马尔克斯总统(Ivan Duque Marquez)否认有任何削减退休金或工资的意图，但他所在政党的领导人、前总统阿尔瓦罗·乌里韦·贝莱斯(Alvaro Urib Velez)却完全支持这一改革。
随着原住民、非洲裔居民、学生和农民组织与罢工工人联合起来，罢工的规模和范围变得更大了。政府对原住民和非洲裔哥伦比亚人群体进行了无数次屠杀，包括10月29日杀死5名原住民活动家。
学生们知道，破坏最低工资制度将对年轻工人造成特别的伤害。
杜克总统未能履行2016年政府与哥伦比亚革命武装力量(Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia，FARC)谈判达成的和平协议条款，这也激起了普遍的愤怒。今年早些时候，“哥武”的一部分人做出了艰难的决定——恢复武装斗争。民族解放军(National Liberation Army，ELN)也仍在进行反对暴政的武装游击战。
图：11月21日的总罢工，麦德林(Medellín，哥伦比亚第二大城市)
哥伦比亚罢工是拉美大陆反抗运动的一部分
这场前所未有的群众运动，推动了席卷拉丁美洲的热潮。其他国家的反抗影响着哥伦比亚的大罢工。哥伦比亚的罢工者勇敢地举起了安第斯原住民的旗帜，这面旗帜在玻利维亚人民反对美国策划的政变的游行中经常出现。11月21日，智利大规模抗议活动的主题——“压迫者夺走了人民的一切，包括恐惧”——在哥伦比亚各地也得到了表达。
图：科利亚苏尤印加旗帜(代表安第斯山脉的不同美洲原住民，在莫拉莱斯总统的推动下，玻利维亚将其定为与原国旗并列使用的国旗)
在这个被认为是对工会领袖来说最危险的、暗杀率最高的国家，群众已经鼓起了勇气。社区和人权活动家也经常成为与军队和警察勾结的右翼准军事暗杀团伙的目标。2016年“哥武”同政府签订了和平协议，然而据报道，仅在过去一年里，就有包括137名前“哥武”战斗人员在内的777多名活动家被杀害。(委内瑞拉南方电视台[teleSUR]消息，11月22日)
在包括伦敦在内的世界许多城市，发生了声援哥伦比亚罢工的游行。美国劳工联合会-产业工会联合会(American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations，AFL-CIO)也发表声明支持哥伦比亚全国罢工。
11月21日，40多个工会和其他组织签署了《全国罢工委员会声明》(Declaration of National Strike Committee)，宣布“在这公民动员的历史性日子里，哥伦比亚取得了胜利”，罢工“展现了一个新的哥伦比亚，另一个可能的哥伦比亚。”
来源：《工人世界》[美国]
https://www.workers.org/2019/11/44585/
翻译：草原
校对：Mud Cake
附原文：
Mass strike rocks Colombia
A historic general strike took place in Colombia on Nov. 21, paralyzing the entire country. Half of Colombia’s population of over 50 million people is estimated to have participated, with millions staying home from work and hundreds of thousands demonstrating in the streets. At least 500 separate actions took place, from the capital, Bogotá, to remote rural areas.
General strike Nov. 21, Bogotá
Strikers blocked major streets, ports and airport entrances. The Central Union of Workers (CUT) accused the government of “brutal repression” in Bogotá, where police fired tear gas on peaceful protesters. Fights with police broke out in other parts of the country. The mayor of Cali declared a 7 p.m. curfew.
The CUT called the strike to protest the U.S.-backed right-wing government’s plans to impose labor and pension “reform” — reducing retiree pensions and lowering the minimum wage. While President Iván Duque Márquez denies any intention to cut pensions or wages, the leader of his party, former President Álvaro Uribe Vélez, has advocated exactly that.
The message and scope of the strike became much larger as Indigenous, Afrodescendant, student and peasant organizations joined forces with striking workers. The government has committed numerous massacres against Indigenous and Afro-Colombian communities, including the killing of five Indigenous activists on Oct. 29.
Students understand that undermining the minimum wage will particularly hurt young workers.
There is also widespread anger with President Duque for his failure to implement the terms of the 2016 peace agreement negotiated between the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the government. A section of the FARC made the difficult decision to resume the armed struggle earlier this year. The National Liberation Army (ELN) is also engaged in armed guerrilla warfare against the brutal government.
General strike Nov. 21, Medellín
Strike part of a continental uprising
This unprecedented outpouring of the masses broadens the upsurge engulfing Latin America. Other countries’ influence could be seen. The flag of Andean Indigenous peoples, frequently held in Bolivian marches opposing the recent U.S.-orchestrated coup there, was carried boldly during the strike. A theme of the mass protests in Chile — that the oppressors have taken everything from the people, including their fear — was expressed all over Colombia on Nov. 21.
The courage of the masses has emerged in a country deemed the most dangerous in the world for union leaders — with an assassination rate the highest anywhere. Community and human rights activists are also frequent targets of right-wing paramilitary death squads with ties to the military and police. Since the signing of the 2016 peace accords, more than 777 activists, including 137 former FARC combatants, have reportedly been murdered in just the past year. (teleSUR, Nov. 22)
Strike Solidarity demonstrations took place in a number of cities worldwide, including London. The AFL-CIO issued a statement backing the national strike.
“Colombia won on this historic day of citizen mobilization,” reads the Declaration of the National Strike Committee issued Nov. 21. Signed by over 40 unions and other organizations, the declaration says the strike “has been the expression of a new Colombia, of another possible Colombia.” (cut.org.co)
(Telesur )
